https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/2026-11-14weekly1.0 https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/og.jpgSalomon Winter of Ozorków https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/committee-1600.webpOzorków election committee for the 16th Zionist Congress, 30 June 1929 https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/winter-portrait.webpSalomon Winter, 1929 https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/pinsker.webpPortrait of Leon Pinsker, the Odessa physician who wrote Autoemancipation in 1882. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/kattowitz.webpGroup photograph of the delegates to the Kattowitz Conference of Hibbat Zion, November 1884, seated and standing in formal dress. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/herzl.webpTheodor Herzl, founder of political Zionism, in 1898. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/congress-1897.webpDelegates seated in the hall of the First Zionist Congress in Basel, August 1897, with Theodor Herzl among them. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/basel-casino.webpPostcard of the Stadtcasino in Basel, the building where the First Zionist Congress met. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/kishinev-lilien.webpEphraim Moses Lilien's memorial print for the victims of the Kishinev pogrom: an old man in a prayer shawl, bound to a stake above flames, is held from behind by a winged angel under a full moon; a to https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/flag-sketch.webpTheodor Herzl's handwritten sketch for a Zionist flag: a rectangle with small stars at its center, labelled in German "white field, seven gold stars". https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/congress-flag.webpThe blue-and-white Zionist flag with a Star of David, as used at the Second Zionist Congress in 1898. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jnf-stamp-1902.webpBlue Jewish National Fund stamp designed by Lilien in 1902, with a Star of David and the Hebrew word Zion. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/judischer-verlag.webpBlack-and-white signet of the Jüdischer Verlag by Lilien, with a Star of David worked into the letters. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/shekel-1935.webpA printed Zionist shekel certificate for the 19th Zionist Congress of 1935, in Hebrew, with the stamp of the Revisionist Zionists' branch in Sosnowiec, Poland. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jnf-box-1929.webpA blue-and-white Jewish National Fund collection box, the "blue box", photographed in 1929. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jnf-stamp-nordau.webpA 1916 Jewish National Fund stamp with a portrait of Max Nordau framed by Hebrew lettering. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lilien-1901.webpLilien's 1901 postcard for the Fifth Zionist Congress, showing an old Jew in thorns and an angel pointing to a farmer ploughing toward the sunrise. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/card-1903.webpPostcard from the Sixth Zionist Congress, Basel, 1903, by Emil Ranzenhofer: a farmer leaning on his hoe in a field while an angel gathers sheaves of wheat behind him; Hebrew lettering above and below. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/herzl-balcony.webpTheodor Herzl leaning on the railing of a hotel balcony above the Rhine in Basel, looking out, photographed by E. M. Lilien. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lilien.webpPortrait photograph of the artist Ephraim Moses Lilien around 1900, with a moustache and a high collar. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/nordau.webpMax Nordau, physician and writer, Herzl's partner and co-founder of the Zionist Congress. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/ahad-haam.webpAhad Ha'am, the Hebrew essayist Asher Ginsberg, founder of cultural Zionism. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/ussishkin.webpMenachem Ussishkin in 1924, leader of practical Zionism and head of the Jewish National Fund. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/weizmann.webpChaim Weizmann, chemist and Zionist statesman, photographed in 1949 as the first President of Israel. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/sokolow.webpNahum Sokolow, Hebrew journalist from Poland and president of the Zionist Organization. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/reines.webpRabbi Yitzchak Yaakov Reines, founder of the religious Zionist Mizrachi movement. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/ben-gurion.webpDavid Ben-Gurion in 1918 as a private in the Jewish Legion, in British army uniform. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jabotinsky.webpZe'ev Jabotinsky in the 1930s, leader of Revisionist Zionism. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/gruenbaum.webpYitzhak Grünbaum in 1926, leader of the General Zionists in Poland and a member of the Polish parliament. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/thon.webpRabbi Ozjasz (Yehoshua) Thon of Kraków around 1930. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/wolffsohn.webpDavid Wolffsohn, Herzl's successor as president of the Zionist Organization. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/autoemancipation.webpTitle page of Leon Pinsker's pamphlet Autoemancipation, published in German in 1882. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/congress-delegates.webpA memorial sheet of small oval portraits of the delegates to the First Zionist Congress, Basel, 1897. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/bnei-brak.webpBnei Brak in the 1920s, a young settlement of low houses founded by Hasidic families from Warsaw. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/youth-aliyah-haifa.webpYoung immigrants of the Youth Aliyah, just off the ship at Haifa port in 1934, standing with their luggage. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jabotinsky-warsaw.webpZe'ev Jabotinsky seated with leaders of the Betar youth movement in Warsaw; the young Menachem Begin sits at the lower left. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/whitepaper.webpYoung Jewish demonstrators crowd Zion Circle in Jerusalem on 18 May 1939, gathering to protest the British White Paper. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-town-hall.webpThe old town hall of Łódź lit at night in November 1938, less than a year before the German invasion. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/chelmno-memorial.webpThe large stone memorial at the site of the Chełmno extermination camp, set in a forest clearing. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/exodus.webpThe refugee ship Exodus 1947 at the dock in Haifa in July 1947. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/declaration.webpDavid Ben-Gurion reads the Declaration of Independence of Israel on 14 May 1948, standing beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl, with members of the provisional government seated at a long table. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-factory.webpA large brick textile mill in Łódź in 1896, with a tall chimney and rows of windows. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-great-synagogue.webpThe Great Synagogue of Łódź on Kościuszko Avenue before the war, a domed building in Moorish Revival style. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-alte-szil.webpThe Alte Szil synagogue on Wolborska Street in Łódź in 1930, a tall domed building seen down a narrow street. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-piotrkowska.webpA bookshop on Piotrkowska Street, the main street of Łódź, in 1935, with shoppers at its windows. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/maccabi-lodz-1912.webpMembers and committee of the Maccabi sports society in Łódź in 1912, posed in rows. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/tarbut-poster.webpA 1930s Hebrew poster for the Tarbut schools in Poland, with children and Hebrew lettering. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/hechalutz-tykocin.webpYoung members of the Hechalutz pioneer movement in Tykocin, Poland, in 1931, posed outdoors. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/tarbut-kostopol.webpThe second graduating class and teachers of the Tarbut Hebrew school in Kostopol, Poland, in 1933, posed in rows. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/ozorkow-market.webpOzorków before 1900: the market square with a church and low houses, in an old print. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/ozorkow-palace.webpThe Schlösser family palace in Ozorków on a 1902 photograph, a two-storey villa with a garden fence. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/jabotinsky-pinsk.webpZe'ev Jabotinsky at the center of a group in Pinsk, Poland, with the young Menachem Begin beside him. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/evian.webpMyron Taylor, the American delegate, addresses the delegates of the Évian Conference on refugees seated at long tables, July 1938. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-ghetto-bridge.webpA wooden footbridge over a street in the Łódź ghetto in 1941, crowded with people crossing above a tram line that ran outside the ghetto. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/lodz-ghetto-workshop.webpJewish workers at sewing machines in a tailoring workshop in the Łódź ghetto, 1941. https://solomonwinterofozorkow.org/img/h/givat-brenner.webpPioneers of Kibbutz Givat Brenner walk to the fields with their tools in 1937.